Autism and Sensory Processing Disorder: Differences & Similarities

Have you ever wondered why some people get overwhelmed by loud noises or strong smells, while others don’t seem bothered at all? Maybe you’ve seen someone cover their ears in a crowded place or avoid certain textures of clothing. These behaviors might be linked to sensory challenges. But do they mean someone has autism? Or could it be something else, like Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?

Sensory Processing Disorder can affect anyone. Studies indicate that 5% to 16% of children exhibit symptoms of SPD, making it more common than many people realize.

This is where things can get confusing. The terms sensory processing disorder vs autism are often used together, but they’re not the same. Let’s break it all down in a simple, clear way.

What is Sensory Processing Disorder?

Sensory Processing Disorder happens when the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information from the senses. This means lights might seem too bright, sounds too loud, or even normal touch may feel painful.

Some people might avoid certain experiences because they’re too intense. Others may seek them out, like spinning in circles or jumping a lot.

This condition isn’t just in kids. Sensory processing disorder in adults is also common. Adults may feel overwhelmed in shopping malls or struggle with certain food textures. These sensory issues can affect work, relationships, and daily life.

SPD isn’t officially listed in the DSM-5 (the guide doctors use for mental health conditions). That makes diagnosis tricky. But it's very real and affects how people move through the world.

What is Autism?

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition. It affects how people interact, communicate, and behave. Every person with autism is unique. Some may talk a lot, while others may not speak at all.

Autism often includes sensory challenges. But it also comes with social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and intense interests.

For example, someone with autism might repeat certain phrases, struggle with eye contact, or have strong reactions to change. These behaviors are different from those seen in SPD alone.

That’s why understanding sensory processing disorder vs autism is so important. Knowing the difference helps families and professionals give the right kind of support.

What Do They Have in Common?

Both conditions can involve sensory problems. Whether it’s being too sensitive to noise or craving deep pressure, these behaviors often overlap.

People with either condition might:

• Cover their ears during loud sounds

• Avoid crowded places

• Be picky about food textures

• Love spinning or swinging

These shared signs can make it hard to tell the difference between SPD and autism. That’s why it’s important to look at the bigger picture.

How Are They Different?

Here’s where it gets clearer. While SPD focuses only on sensory issues, autism includes a range of symptoms.

A child with SPD may have trouble with clothing tags or loud music, but still enjoys playing with friends and using clear language.

On the other hand, a child with autism might have those same sensory issues and find it hard to talk or play with others. They may also repeat the same movements, like flapping hands or rocking back and forth.

So, when comparing sensory processing disorder vs autism, remember this: SPD affects how someone feels things. Autism affects how someone connects, behaves, and senses the world.

Diagnosis: Who Does What?

Both conditions can involve sensory problems. Whether it’s being too sensitive to noise or craving deep pressure, these behaviors often overlap. People with SPD and autism may react strongly to things others barely notice.

For example, bright lights might feel painful, or certain clothes might be unbearable to wear. Some individuals might seek out strong movement or touch to feel balanced and calm.

People with either condition might:

• Cover their ears during loud sounds

• Avoid crowded places

• Be picky about food textures

• Love spinning or swinging

• Get overwhelmed in new environments

• Prefer routines and struggle with sudden changes

These shared signs can make it hard to tell the difference between SPD and autism. That’s why it’s important to look at the bigger picture, including communication style, social behavior, and emotional responses. A professional evaluation can help sort out what’s really going on.

What About Treatment?

Good news: Both SPD and autism can improve with the right help.

For SPD, occupational therapy with a focus on sensory integration is common. It helps people handle the world around them better.

For autism, there are more options. Autism therapy often includes speech therapy, behavioral therapy, and occupational therapy. It can be done in a clinic or at home.

Some families choose in home autism therapy for comfort and convenience. It allows therapists to work in a child’s natural environment. This makes routines easier and learning more effective.

Therapists may use autism therapy activities like brushing, swinging, or obstacle courses. These help the child feel calm, focused, and ready to learn.

Emotional Health Matters Too

People with either SPD or autism may struggle emotionally. Overwhelm, frustration, and social challenges can build up.

It’s important to watch for signs of depression and anxiety. These may show up as:

• Avoiding people or activities they used to enjoy

• Sleeping too much or having trouble sleeping

• Changes in eating habits—either eating too much or very little

• Irritability, mood swings, or frequent sadness

• Trouble focusing or completing tasks

• Low self-esteem or negative self-talk

Mental health care should be part of any support plan. Therapists and counselors can help kids and adults build emotional resilience and confidence.

Support strategies may include:

• Teaching calming techniques like deep breathing or mindfulness

• Helping identify and name emotions

• Creating safe spaces to express feelings

• Encouraging hobbies and creative outlets like drawing or music

• Building routines to reduce stress and bring comfort

Emotional health matters just as much as physical or developmental health. With the right tools and support, children and adults can thrive emotionally, socially, and mentally.

Can Someone Have Both?

Yes. In fact, many people with autism also have sensory processing challenges. Experts say that up to 90% of children with autism show sensory symptoms.

But someone can have SPD without having autism.

Think of it this way: All thumbs are fingers, but not all fingers are thumbs. Similarly, sensory issues can happen on their own or as part of autism.

That’s why careful evaluation is so important. It helps parents, teachers, and therapists give the best support possible.

Tips for Parents and Caregivers

• Keep a journal. Track when your child reacts strongly to sounds, textures, or lights.

• Talk to your child’s doctor. Bring up any concerns about development or behavior.

• Explore therapy. Whether it’s in home autism therapy or clinic-based care, early intervention matters.

• Stay informed. Learn about both SPD and autism. The more you know, the better you can help.

• Take care of yourself. Parenting a child with special needs is hard work. Support groups and counseling can help you stay strong.

When to Seek Help

Trust your gut. If something doesn’t feel right, don’t wait.

Children grow and change quickly. What seems like a “phase” could be a sign that your child needs help.

A professional evaluation can provide answers. It can also open the door to therapies and tools that make life easier for your child, and for you.

Conclusion

The terms sensory processing disorder vs autism can feel confusing at first. But when we take a closer look, we see that these conditions, while they sometimes overlap, are truly different.

Understanding those differences leads to better care, clearer communication, and more effective therapies.

If you’re looking for a reliable service to support your child’s journey, Pillar5 is here to help. Our team offers compassionate, personalized care designed to meet your family’s unique needs.

Let’s work together to bring comfort, understanding, and progress into your home. Reach out to us today and take the first step toward a brighter tomorrow.

FAQs

1. Can someone have Sensory Processing Disorder without autism?

Yes. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) can occur on its own without an autism diagnosis. People with SPD may have sensory sensitivities but no issues with social skills or communication.

2. Do all people with autism have sensory processing issues?

Not all, but many do. Most individuals with autism experience some level of sensory sensitivity or sensory-seeking behavior. It's a common part of autism, but not the only feature.

3. How can I tell the difference between Sensory Processing Disorder vs Autism?

SPD mainly affects how a person responds to sensory input. Autism includes sensory issues but also affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. A developmental specialist can help make a clear diagnosis.

4. What treatments are available for SPD and autism?

SPD is usually treated with occupational therapy focused on sensory integration. Autism may involve multiple therapies, including speech, behavioral, and in home autism therapy.

5. Are there therapies that work for both conditions?

Yes. Autism therapy activities like sensory play, brushing, and swinging can benefit children with either condition. These activities help regulate sensory responses and improve focus.

6. Should I be concerned if my child avoids certain sounds or textures?

It could be a sign of sensory challenges. While some sensitivity is normal, frequent or intense reactions may suggest SPD or autism. It’s a good idea to talk to your child’s doctor for an evaluation.